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UNIT 2. Ancient Egypt
UNIT 4. Fear
UNIT 7. ¡°Artists Fight Back against AI Using Their Work¡±
UNIT 9. Forecasting Trends: A Closer Look at the Top Keywords Shaping the Year Ahead
UNIT 11. The Village of Harmony Haven: 7 Concepts
UNIT 13. The Canvas of Creativity: Navigating the Ecosystem of Infinite Inspiration

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Á¦2Àå Ancient Egypt

1.
Ancient Egypt was an impressive civilization that arose around 3100 B.C.E. It remained a major power in North Africa and nearby regions until the Macedonians took over in 332 B.C.E. The civilization thrived mostly because it made the most of the Nile River¡¯s flood patterns for farming. The predictable flooding and con-trolled irrigation of the fertile valley produced surplus crops, which allowed the population to grow and society to become more complex. By successfully man-aging their environment and resources, the Egyptians established a culture rich in art, knowledge, and architecture that would influence the world for centuries to come.

°í´ë ÀÌÁýÆ®´Â ±â¿øÀü 3100³â°æ¿¡ ÀϾ ÀλóÀûÀÎ ¹®¸íÀ̾ú´Ù. ±â¿øÀü 332³â¿¡ ¸¶Äɵµ´Ï¾ÆÀεéÀÌ Àå¾ÇÇÒ ¶§±îÁö °í´ë ÀÌÁýÆ®´Â ºÏ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿Í Àα٠Áö¿ªÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä °­±¹À¸·Î ³²¾Æ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®¸íÀº ÁÖ·Î ³ªÀÏ°­ÀÇ È«¼ö ÆÐÅÏÀ» ³ó¾÷¿¡ ÃÖ´ëÇÑ È°¿ëÇ߱⠶§¹®¿¡ ¹ø¼ºÇß´Ù. ¿¹Ãø °¡´ÉÇÑ È«¼ö¿Í ºñ¿ÁÇÑ °è°îÀÇ ÅëÁ¦µÈ °ü°³·Î ÀÎÇØ À׿© ³óÀÛ¹°ÀÌ »ý»êµÇ¾ú°í, ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ Àα¸°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í »çȸ´Â ´õ¿í º¹ÀâÇØÁú ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌÁýÆ®ÀεéÀº ȯ°æ°ú ÀÚ¿øÀ» ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î °ü¸®ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿¹¼ú, Áö½Ä, ±×¸®°í °ÇÃà¿¡¼­ dz¼ºÇÑ ¹®È­¸¦ È®¸³ÇßÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ´Â ÀÌÈÄ ¼ö ¼¼±â µ¿¾È ¼¼°è¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.

2.
In ancient Egypt, the majority of the population was made up of farmers. Their houses were built from mud-brick with designs optimized to provide relief from the intense daytime heat. The staple diet consisted of bread and beer, supplemented with vegetables such as onions and garlic, and fruit such as dates and figs. Hygiene and personal grooming were of significant importance to the ancient Egyptians. Their hygiene system was complex, encompassing bathing, shaving, dental care, and more. Many bathed in the Nile River, employing a homemade paste for soap composed of animal fat and chalk. Body shaving was a common practice and perfumes and scented oils were used to mask unpleasant smells and to calm irritated skin. Music and dance were popular entertainments. Early on, the musical scene was dominated by flutes and harps. As time went on, other instruments resembling-trumpets, oboes, and various types of pipes were introduced and gained popularity.

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3.
The architecture of ancient Egypt includes some of the most famous structures in the world: the Great Pyramids of Giza and the temples at Thebes. Building projects were organized and funded by the state not only for religious and commemorative purposes, but also to reinforce the wide-ranging power of the pharaoh. These massive stone structures were believed to safe-guard the physical and spiritual essence of the pharaohs. The ka, which is a vital aspect of the pharaoh¡¯s soul, was thought to dwell alongside their mummified forms. The meticulous preservation of the pharaoh¡¯s body was crucial for enabling the departed ruler to adhere to his responsibilities in the afterlife as the monarch of the deceased. In the ethos of Ancient Egypt, death on the earth was the start of a journey to the next world.

°í´ë ÀÌÁýÆ®ÀÇ °ÇÃ๰¿¡´Â ±âÀÚÀÇ ÇǶó¹Ìµå¿Í Å׺£¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¿øµé µî ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÑ °ÇÃ๰µéÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. ±¹°¡´Â Á¾±³ÀûÀÌ°í ±â³äÀûÀÎ ¸ñÀûÀ» À§Çؼ­»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÆĶó¿ÀÀÇ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ±Ç·ÂÀ» °­È­Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ °ÇÃà ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¸¦ Á¶Á÷ÇÏ°í ÀÚ±ÝÀ» Áö¿øÇß´Ù. ÀÌ °Å´ëÇÑ ¼®Á¶ °ÇÃ๰µéÀº ÆĶó¿ÀÀÇ À°Ã¼Àû, Á¤½ÅÀû º»ÁúÀ» ¼öÈ£ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿©°ÜÁ³´Ù. ÆĶó¿ÀÀÇ ¿µÈ¥¿¡¼­ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ä¼ÒÀÎ Ä«´Â, ¹Ì¶óÀÇ ÇüŸ¦ ¶í ÆĶó¿À¿Í ÇÔ²² °ÅÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿©°ÜÁ³´Ù. ÆĶó¿ÀÀÇ ½Ã½ÅÀ» ¼¼½ÉÇÏ°Ô º¸Á¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Á×Àº ÅëÄ¡ÀÚ°¡ »çÈÄ ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ Á×Àº ÀÚµéÀÇ ±ºÁַΠåÀÓÀ» ´ÙÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â µ¥ Áß¿äÇß´Ù. °í´ë ÀÌÁýÆ®ÀÇ ±âdz¿¡¼­ À̽¿¡¼­ÀÇ Á×À½Àº ´ÙÀ½ ¼¼°è·Î ÇâÇÏ´Â ¿©ÇàÀÇ ½ÃÀÛÀ̾ú´Ù.

4.
The religion of ancient Egypt was an intricate network of polytheistic doctrines and ceremonial activities, playing a pivotal role within the fabric of its society. The pantheon comprised approximately 1,500 divinities, each commanding reverence and worship. The pharaoh occupied a distinct position, bridging the mundane and the divine, participating in the divine realm, and constructed great, religiously motivated funerary monuments for his afterlife. Pharaohs were obligated to retain the benevolence of the gods through rituals and offerings so that they could maintain Ma¡¯at, the order of the cosmos, and repel Is-fet, which was chaos. Notable for their diverse representations, Egyptian deities assumed various forms, including those of animals or composite beings with an animal¡¯s head atop a human frame.

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